Cloud Overview and Considerations

According to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, cloud computing

consists of five essential characteristics, three distinct service models, and four deployment

models.

Essential Characteristics

On-Demand Self- Service

Resource Pooling

Rapid Elasticity

Measured Service

Broad Network Access

Service Models

Service Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

Deployment Models

Public Cloud

Private Cloud

Community Cloud

Hybrid Cloud

Service Models

Software-as-a-Service

This term generally refers to applications that are delivered to end users over the Internet or

broad band access. There are hundreds of SaaS providers covering a wide variety of applications.

Oracle CRM On Demand, Salesforce.com, and Google Apps are examples of the SaaS model.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service

Refers to computing hardware (servers, storage, and network) delivered as a service. This

typically includes the associated software as well, including operating systems, virtualization,

clustering, and so on. Amazon Web Services, for example, offers their Elastic Compute Cloud

(EC2) for compute servers, SimpleDB for database, and Simple Storage Service (S3) for storage.

Platform-as-a-Service

This model conveys how an application development and deployment platform can be delivered

as a service to developers, allowing them to quickly build and deploy an SaaS application for end

users. These platforms typically include database and middleware, and are often specific to a

language or API. For example, Google AppEngine is based on Java and Python, EngineYard is

based on Ruby on Rails, and Force.com uses a proprietary variation of Java.

Hope this help,

Chatchai

Top 12 features of Oracle Database 12C

1) "With" clause can define PL/SQL functions

2) Improved defaults, including Default col to a sequence or "default if (on) null". Or always use a generated as an identity (with optional sequence def info). Or Metadata-only defaults (default on an added column). 

3) Bigger varchar2, nvarchar2, raw -up to 32K. But follows rules like LOB, if over 4K will be out of line. (max_SQL_String_Size init param)

4) TopN and Pagenation queries using the 'OFFSET' clause + optional 'FETCH next N rows' in SELECT. Eg: SELECT ... FROM t ORDER BY y FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS

5) Row pattern matching using the "MATCH_RECOGNIZE" clause. Gonna take a while to get this one.

6) Partitioning improvements including ASYNC Global Index maintenance (includes new jobs to do work 'later'), cascade truncate & exchange, multi ops in a single DDL, online partition moves (no RDBMS_REDEFINITION), "interval + reference" partitioning.

7) Adaptive execution plans, which sets thresholds and allows execution plans to switch if threshold is exceeded. (Also 'gather_plan_statistics' hint.) Shown by 'Statistics Collector' steps in trace/tkprof.

8) Enhanced statistics. Dynamic sampling goes to 'eleven', turning it persistent. New histograms: hybrid (for more than 254 distinct values, instead of height-balanced) and top. Stats gathered on data loads automatically. (By the way, don't regather stats if not needed.) Session private statistics for GTTs.

9) UNDO for temporary objects, managed in TEMP, which eliminates REDO on the permanent UNDO. (ALTER SESSION/SYSTEM SET TEMP_UNDO_ENABLED=TRUE/FALSE)

10) Data optimization, or Information Lifecycle Management, which detects block use - hot, medium, dormant - and allows policies in table defintion (new ILM clause) to compress or archive data after time.

11) "transaction Guard' to preserve commit state, which includes TAF r/w transfer and restart for some types of transactions.

12) pluggable databases! Implications too numerous to list right now. Suffice it to say, huge resource improvements, huge consolidation possibilities. Looking forward to reality.

Hope this help,

Chatchai :D

#OOW 2012 : IaaS, Private Cloud, Multitenant Database, and X3H2M2

The title of this post is a summary of the 4 announcements made by Larry Ellison at 30-09-2012, during the opening session of Oracle Open World 2012... To know what's behind X3H2M2, you will have to wait a little, as I will go in order, beginning with the IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service - announcement.

Oracle IaaS goes Public... and Private...

Starting in 2004 with Fusion development, Oracle Cloud was launch last year to provide not only SaaS Application, based on standard development, but also the underlying PaaS, required to build the specifics, and required interconnections between applications, in and outside of the Cloud. Still, to cover the end-to-end Cloud  Services spectrum, we had to provide an Infrastructure as a Service, leveraging our Servers, Storage, OS, and Virtualization Technologies, all "Engineered Together".

This Cloud Infrastructure, was already available for our customers to build rapidly their own Private Cloud either on SPARC/Solaris or x86/Linux... The second announcement made today bring that proposition a big step further : for cautious customers (like Banks, or sensible industries) who would like to benefits from the Cloud value of "as a Service", but don't want their Data out in the Cloud... We propose to them to operate the same systems, Exadata, Exalogic & SuperCluster, that are providing our Public Cloud Infrastructure, behind their firewall, in a Private Cloud model.

Oracle 12c Multitenant Database

This is also a major announcement made today, on what's coming with Oracle Database 12c : the ability to consolidate multiple databases with no extra additional  cost especially in terms of memory needed on the server node, which is often THE consolidation limiting factor. The principle could be compare to Solaris Zones, where, you will have a Database Container, who is "owning" the memory and Database background processes, and "Pluggable" Database in this Database Container. This particular feature is a strong compelling event to evaluate rapidly Oracle Database 12c once it will be available, as this is major step forward into true Database consolidation with Multitenancy on a shared (optimized) infrastructure.

X3H2M2, enabling the new Exadata X3 in-Memory Database

Here we are :  X3H2M2 stands for X3 (the new version of Exadata announced also today) Heuristic Hierarchical Mass Memory, providing the capability to keep most if not all the Data in the memory cache hierarchy. Of course, this is the major software enhancement of the new X3 Exadata machine, but as this is a software, our current customers would be able to benefit from it on their existing systems by upgrading to the new release. But that' not the only thing that we did with X3, at the same time we have upgraded everything :

• the CPUs, adding more cores per server node (16 vs. 12, with the arrival of Intel E5 / Sandy Bridge), 
• the memory with 512GB memory as well per node,
•  and the new Flash Fire card, bringing now up to 22 TB of Flash cache.

All of this 4TB of RAM + 22TB of Flash being use cleverly not only for read but also for write by the X3H2M2 algorithm... making a very big difference compare to traditional storage flash extension.

But what does those extra performances brings to you on an already very efficient system: double your performances compare to the fastest storage array on the market today (including flash) and divide you storage price x10 at the same time... Something to consider closely this days... Especially that we also announced the availability of a new Exadata X3-2 8th rack : a good starting point.

As you have seen a major opening for this year again with true innovation. But that was not the only thing that we saw today, as before Larry's talk, Fujitsu did introduce more in deep the up coming new SPARC processor, that they are co-developing with us. And as such Andrew Mendelsohn - Senior Vice President Database Server Technologies came on stage to explain that the next step after I/O optimization for Database with Exadata, was to accelerate the Database at execution level by bringing functions in the SPARC processor silicium. All in all, to process more and more Data... The big theme of the day... and of the Oracle User Groups Conferences that were also happening today and where I had the opportunity to attend some interesting sessions on practical use cases of Big Data one in Finances and Fraud profiling and the other one on practical deployment of Oracle Exalytics for Data Analytics.

Oracle Announces Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine

Fourth Generation Exadata X3 Systems are Ideal for High-End OLTP, Large Data Warehouses, and Database Clouds; Eighth-Rack Configuration Offers New Low-Cost Entry Point

ORACLE OPENWORLD, SAN FRANCISCO – October 1, 2012

News Facts

During his opening keynote address at Oracle OpenWorld, Oracle CEO, Larry Ellison announced the Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine - the latest generation of its Oracle Exadata Database Machines.

The Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine is a key component of the Oracle Cloud.

Oracle Exadata X3-2 Database In-Memory Machine and Oracle Exadata X3-8 Database In-Memory Machine can store up to hundreds of Terabytes of compressed user data in Flash and RAM memory, virtually eliminating the performance overhead of reads and writes to slow disk drives, making Exadata X3 systems the ideal database platforms for the varied and unpredictable workloads of cloud computing.

In order to realize the highest performance at the lowest cost, the Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine implements a mass memory hierarchy that automatically moves all active data into Flash and RAM memory, while keeping less active data on low-cost disks.

With a new Eighth-Rack configuration, the Oracle Exadata X3-2 Database In-MemoryMachine delivers a cost-effective entry point for smaller workloads, testing, development and disaster recovery systems, and is a fully redundant system that can be used with mission critical applications.

Next-Generation Technologies Deliver Dramatic Performance Improvements

Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machines use a combination of scale-out servers and storage, InfiniBand networking, smart storage, PCI Flash, smart memory caching, and Hybrid Columnar Compression to deliver extreme performance and availability for all Oracle Database Workloads.

Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine systems leverage next-generation technologies to deliver significant performance enhancements, including:

Four times the Flash memory capacity of the previous generation; with up to 40 percent faster response times and 100 GB/second data scan rates. Combined with Exadata’s unique Hybrid Columnar Compression capabilities, hundreds of Terabytes of user data can now be managed entirely within Flash;

20 times more capacity for database writes through updated Exadata Smart Flash Cache software. The new Exadata Smart Flash Cache software also runs on previous generation Exadata systems, increasing their capacity for writes tenfold;

33 percent more database CPU cores in the Oracle Exadata X3-2 Database In-Memory Machine, using the latest 8-core Intel® Xeon E5-2600 series of processors;

Expanded 10Gb Ethernet connectivity to the data center in the Oracle Exadata X3-2 provides 40 10Gb network ports per rack for connecting users and moving data;

Up to 30 percent reduction in power and cooling.

Configured for Your Business, Available Today

Oracle Exadata X3-2 Database In-Memory Machine systems are available in a Full-Rack, Half-Rack, Quarter-Rack, and the new low-cost Eighth-Rack configuration to satisfy the widest range of applications. Oracle Exadata X3-8 Database In-Memory Machine systems are available in a Full-Rack configuration, and both X3 systems enable multi-rack configurations for virtually unlimited scalability.

Oracle Exadata X3-2 and X3-8 Database In-Memory Machines are fully compatible with prior Exadata generations and existing systems can also be upgraded with Oracle Exadata X3-2 servers.

Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine systems can be used immediately with any application certified with Oracle Database 11g R2 and Oracle Real Application Clusters, including SAP, Oracle Fusion Applications, Oracle’s PeopleSoft, Oracle’s Siebel CRM, the Oracle E-Business Suite, and thousands of other applications.

Supporting Quotes

“Forward-looking enterprises are moving towards Cloud Computing architectures,” said Andrew Mendelsohn, senior vice president, Oracle Database Server Technologies. “Oracle Exadata’s unique ability to run any database application on a fully scale-out architecture using a combination of massive memory for extreme performance and low-cost disk for high capacity delivers the ideal solution for Cloud-based database deployments today.”

The Life of an Oracle Shadow Process

Here is a breakdown of the life of an Oracle shadow process and where it might be waiting as it
lives. This comes from Oracle Doc ID 61998.1 and shows what’s happening in less than one
second within Oracle.

State     Notes
IDLE    Waits for “SQL*Net message from client” (waiting for the user).Receives the SQL*Net packet requesting “parse/execute” of a statement.

ON CPU  Decodes the SQL*Net packet.

WAITING Waits for “latch free” to obtain the “library cache” latch. Gets the library cache latch.

ON CPU  Scans the shared pool for the SQL statement, finds match, frees
latch, sets up links to the shared cursor, etc., and begins to execute.

WAITING  Waits for “db file sequential read”; we need a block not in the cache
(wait for I/O).

ON CPU  Block read from disk complete. Execution continues. Construct SQL*Net packet with first row of data to send to client and sends.

WAITING  Waits on “SQL*Net message from client” for acknowledgment packet received.
IDLE           Waits for next SQL*Net message from client


Thank  Richard Niemeic for good information from oracle book "oracle performance tuning tip and technique"

Hope this help you:D

Chatchai Komrangded

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The new innovation to optimize your data center reduce cost, managing, complexity overhead and more.

See this link

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hey-WF4GFVs

ORA-29702: error occurred in Cluster Group Service operation Tip

When you using Oracle RAC, you have grid , db components on each node, someday you want to remove it  (may cause of app requirement, buget and so on), you may disable grid service by add comment to /etc/inttab or un-install, the oracle startup and running fine in single environment but sometime you'll see ORA-29702: error occurred in Cluster Group Service operation that cause of
LMON process still active and It is assume it  to be RAC Instance

This situation if you ensure no need rac anymore you can delink it from oracle libary by

1. Shutdown the database completely.

2. Relink with RAC OFF :

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk rac_off
$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle

3. Startup the database.

Hope this help you:D

Chatchai Komrangded